Hon+7

RIGHT-CLICK on these links to "Open in a new window" Hubble, Chandra, Spitzer Infrared, x-ray, and visible spectrum 17 years It has a very elliptical orbit. Explorer 1
 * Category 7 – Space Telescopes **
 * Hubble || NASA Current ||
 * Explorer 1 || JPL Past ||
 * XMM – Newton || NASA Current ||
 * Spitzer Space Telescope || JPL Current ||
 * Chandra || NASA Current ||
 * Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) || NASA Current ||
 * INTEGRAL || NASA Current ||
 * 1. What are the 3 great observatories? **
 * 2. What wave lengths do the great observatories use? **
 * 3. How many years has Hubble been taking pictures? **
 * 4. Why is XMM-Newton able to see very far into space? **
 * 5. What was the first successful American Satellite? **

FIRST SLIDE : TELL WHAT SPACE TELESCOPES WE WILL BE PRESENTING ABOUT. SECOND SLIDE: GREAT SPACE OBSERVATORIES. THEY ARE CHANDRA, HUBBLE, AND SPITZER. **__ Info on the Great observatories __** The Great Observatories are 3 space observatories dedicated to unraveling the universe starting at being able to detect and view different parts of the EM spectrum in our Universe. There are 3 great observatories, there use to be four but the fourth has been deorbited. The space observatories were using different waves to see into the universe they are Visible which the Hubble is for, X-ray which the Chandra observatory handles, and Infrared which the Spitzer Space Observatory is in charge of. AFTER GREAT OBSERVATORIES, THE NEXT SLIDES SHOULD, ( LIKE SLIDE 3 AND 4 AND SO ON) SHOULD BE ABOUT THE CHANDRA, HUBBLE, AND SPITZER OBSERVATORIES IN MORE DETAIL. WHICH ARE ALREADY ON THE WIKI. THEY ARE RIGHT BELOW HERE. Chandra is an X-ray telescope which means it can view Matter heated to millions of degrees. So it can view supernova explosions. Or the swirling mass close to a black hole. Launched by Space shuttle Columbia in 1999 There are no problems with Chandra to date.
 * __CHANDRA OBSERVATORY __**
 * Chandra was launched on July 23. 1999.
 * I t was named in honor of  [|Indian] - [|American] [|physicist] [|Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]
 * Chandra telescope studies the explosions of supernovas and has led to many advances in the field.
 * Chandra has also found black holes in many galaxies
 * The Chandra X-ray Observatory is the worlds most powerful X-ray telescope. It has eight-times more resolution can detect sources more than 20-times fainter than any previous X-ray telescope.
 * The Chandra X-ray Observatory will observes clouds of gas so dense and big that it takes light more than five-million years to go from one side to the other.
 * Chandra X-ray Observatory can study particles up to the last millisecond before they are sucked inside a black hole.

The Spitzer Space Telescope was launched into space by a Delta rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida on August 25, 2003. The Spitzer telescope is an infrared telescope. It is unique because it uses infrared to look for stars that the naked eye cannot see. Infrared can penetrate the vast regions of dust or nebula in the universe that regular telescopes cannot see. The Spitzer telescope must be cooled to a near absolute zero so that the heat from distant stars will be recognized on the telescope. Its orbit must be behinds Earth for it to maintain the cool temperature; otherwise the sun would heat it. It also carries a solar shield to block out any rays from the sun that could interfere.
 * __SPITZER OBSERVATORY__**

**The pupose of the spitzer telescope is to increase our knowledge of very hot objects created when the Universe was very young**.

The Spitzer had a problum with some of the instroments on board the telescope but it was recently fixed. EXPLORER 1 · January 31,1958 · Explorer 1 was the first satellite launched by the United States · The primary science instrument on Explorer 1 was a cosmic ray detector designed to measure the radiation environment in Earth orbit · Its orbit was in more of a loop. It orbited about 12 and a half times a day. · It was 80 inches (6 feet 8 inches) long and 6.25 inches in diameter. It weighed 30.8 pounds · Its final transmission was May 23,1958. · The batteries ran out o It burned up in the Earth’s atmosphere March 31, 1970. o 58,000 orbits It revealed a much lower cosmic ray count than expected ROSSI X-RAY TIMING EXPLORER ( not a great observatory ) (only the above two and the hubble are great observatories) The Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) is a satellite that observes the high-energy of black holes, and neutron stars. RXTE was launched into a low-Earth orbit on December 30, 1995, and is still going strong. It receives X-rays put out by neutron stars which spin so fast and have such a high gravitational pull that RXTE has to time it just right to capture the images. __**INTEGRAL**__

Integral is a gamma ray telescope which means it can detect gamma rays emitted from stars. It takes 72 hours to complete an orbit. It was launched October 17, 2002. It is expected to return to Earth in the year 2012. It is the most sensitive gamma-ray observatory ever launched.

INTEGRAL uses its gamma ray telescope to study the universe 's most energetic energy rays, since gamma rays are the highest in energy

NASA has a fleet of "Great Observatories" which are observatories that were launched in order to find out secrets of the universe based on viewing the Electromagnetic spectrum.
 * Other info on the great observatories**

HUBBLE OBSERVATORY · It is one of the most productive scientific instruments ever built. · Edwin Hubble, which is where the name of the telescope comes from, used the largest telescope of his day in the 1920's at the Mt. Wilson Observatory near Pasadena, California, to discover other galaxies. · It weighs 24,500 pounds which is as much as two full-grown elephants. · It has made nearly 800,000 observations and taken almost 500,000 images of more than 25,000 different celestial objects. · Hubble is always flying around Earth, it never leaves to go take pictures of stars, planets, or galaxies. It travels at about 17,500 mph and has gone around Earth almost 100,000 times. · Hubble managers are officially targeting August 7, 2008, for the launch of the fifth and final space shuttle servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope. They will repair and improve the observatory's capabilities to where it will last through 2013. **__ XMM-Newton __**
 * The Hubble Space Telescope was launched by the shuttle Discovery on April 24,1990
 * Hubble, the observatory, is the first major optical telescope to be placed in space
 * The 17 years Hubble has been taking images, it has produced more than 30 terabytes of data, which is equivalent to about 25 percent of the information stored in the Library of Congress.
 * It was launched in order to research black holes and the formation of galaxies.
 * It was launched on December 10th, 1999
 * XMM-Newton has such an elliptical orbit it will be able to see deep into space.
 * There have been no problems with XMM- Newton so far.

JPL PAST Missions http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/past_missions.cfm JPL CURRENT Missions http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/index.cfm NASA CURRENT Missions http://www.nasa.gov/missions/current/index.html